Composition for waterproofing concrete.



UNITED sTATES PATENT OFFICE...

WALTER CLEMENT BLADEN, or

NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO AARON G. HORN,

OF NEW YORK, N. V

COMPOSITION FOR WATERPROOFING CONCRETE.

No Drawing.

y Specification of Letters Patent. Patented M31226, 1912, Application filed December 30, 1911.

Serial N 0. 668,634.

siderable qu'antit-yof free alkali in the form.

of lime, potash and soda. Other calcareous cements also have this alkaline nature. It is diflicult indeed to secure apermanent coating on a concrete surface by means of ordinary oil paints and varnishes for the reason that the free alkali present saponifies the glycerids ofthe "oil vehicle used, thus destroying such oil vehicle and setting glycerin free. The freed glycerin, being substantially insoluble in the oil and fatty products of saponification, often remains in the coating making it porous and hygroscopic. For this and other reasons, oil paints and varnishes do not adhere well, but soon scale and :peel from the surface.

y 'In the attempt to overcome the difficulties attendant on the coating of concrete surfaces,

various preliminary washes have been used thereon without verysatisfactory results.

For instance, the concrete surface is some-.

times treated with a preliminary wash of dilute hydrochloric acid for the purposeof removing the free lime and other alkali. This however has a number of disadvantages since it destroys the bonding of the cement,

thereby weakening the surface layer and causing scaling and chippingof'the cement and aggregate. Other strong acids, such as oxal'c acid, have been tried without satisfacto y results. A number of acid salts,

such as sulfate of zinc, alum and the like have been used in aqueous solution but the necessity of applying such solutions separately, as an operation distinct from the application of the paint coating, together with the delay incident on the dryingout of the.

moisture introduced bythe acid-salt treatment, 'and the injury to the bonding of the cement due to double decomposition with the components of the cement, whereby loose and pulverulent substances are formed, has

crumbling substances which would cause scaling and cracking of the coated surface. It is also an object of the invention to produce at will a composition which will form what is known in the art as a transparent coating';'that is, one which does not materially change the color of the concrete surface to which it may be applied.

Concrete is a fairly porous material as ordinarily prepared and absorbs oils very easily by capillary action. 'This action is known in the trade as suction and for the treatment of porous concrete, compositions are needed which resist suction to a considerable degree. I

It is further an object of the present invention to indicate 'a means of securing a composition resistant to suctionwhich has the properties requisite for application to so alkaline a material as concrete.

for such compositions, I preferably make use of a colloidal body of a nitrocellulose character such for example as pyroxylin, sol- 'uble or varnish cotton, celluloid cotton and the-like. With only a small percentage of such-thickeners, highly colloidal solutions may be obtained which resist the action of 'llsuction. These nitrocellulose bodies also are quite immune to disintegration by cementalkali. They possess strong filming qualities serving to bind or knit together the other ingredients of the composition. -And, owing to the flexibility of the dried film an elasticity as well as a degreeof toughness and adaptability to severel. -llcli matic conditions is secured. :A second} ngredient of my As a basis I effective. A simple manner of obtaining the well with nitrocellulose and dry rapidly on exposure. Also they combine easily with lime to form lime'soaps not easily hydro- 'lyzed on prolonged exposure .to moisture. Chinese wood oil gelatinizes when heated for a short time at about 250 degrees centigrade and from this gelatinized product fatty acids may be obtained which are especially fatty acid is to saponify thexraw oil with use.

caustic soda and then add suflicient acid to neutralize. The fatty acids are separated, washed and dried, when they are ready for A preferred-ingredient'of my composition isa fatty acid of a non-drying oil. Oleic acid or commercial red or elaine oil serves well for this purpose although other similar oils may be used. Oleic" acid serves particularly as a clarifying and waterproofing agent. It is to be sure not entirely devoid of drying properties, but relatively its sicmay be regarded as non-drying.

- Another desirable component of such a composition is a resinous body. Accord;

cumstances.

in r to their nature the resins have different efi ects on the physical appearance ofthe coating obtained with the composition. Resins of the sandarac type readily yield a dull. or matt finish while dammar and Manila copal tend to give a glossy finish. As a transparent coating preferably should be free from gloss; sandarac is very useful in this connection; but of course various other resins may be used according to cir- Another function ofthe resin is that of reducing ,the body of the nitrocellulose solution in those cases where a relatively large proportion of the nitrocellulose is desired without excessive body. Sandarac is very well fitted for this purpose, in addition to its flatt-ing action." The vehicle for dissolving and carrying these solvents is preferably composite. In the first place, a goodsolvent for nitrocellulose is required. Such asolvent is found in acetone methyl acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl and ethyl acetate and the like. To prevent whitening of the nitrocellulose film a slowly evaporatlng solvent such as amyl alcohol or amyl acetate may be used in moderate amount. The coal. tar naphthas, such as benzol, and the petroleum hydrocarbons such as benzin, are used to advantage as resin and fatty acid solvents and extending thinners. As nitrocellulose is not soluble these hydrocarbon bodi'es care should be,

cative propertiesare so slight that-the oil taken not to use too great a proportion of the latter, for thereby the toughness and elasticity of the coating would be impaired. Of the total solvents employed the benzol or benzin extender should not ordinarily exceed 40%.

To illustrate the invention the following formula is given, it being understood that various omissions or substitutions may be made thereln, as Wlll now be apparent to those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains; all without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. By weight, seven parts of amyl acetate, 16 parts of benzol, 30 parts of methyl alcohol and seven parts of acetone are mixed and placed in a tank fitted with an agitator. 8 parts of soluble cotton containing about 11.3% of nitrogen, are added and well agitated to. ef-

fect solution. 10 parts of sandarac resin are introduced and dissolved. 10 parts each of oleic acid and the fatty acids of tung oil are thinned by heating and introduced. The batch is then well agitated to effect a thorough incorporation. of the ingredients. If desired, a small amount of drier, such as manganese oleate may be added, in order'to render the tung oil acids capable of rapidly drying on exposure. A small percentage of petrolatum or petroleum jelly may like- Wise be added to im rove the transparent effect. The odor o the composition may be modified by the addition of oil of mirbane, Russian turpentine and the like.

As stated, I do not wish to limit myself to the precise formula above set forth, but may invoke the doctrine of equivalency, in so far as same may be herein applicable; my invention essentially comprising a fluent solution of nitrocellulose or similar colloidal thickener in conjunction withthe fatty acid of a drying oil, referably tung oil acid; carrying also pre erably a non-drying fatty acid as a clarifying and waterproofing agent, specifically oleic acid, preferably also a resinous body, specifically sandarac, whichhas a fiatting action; and the solvent medium preferably carrying, in addition to an eflicient solvent for nitrocellulose, an extending medium of the nature of benzol or benzin, effective as a solvent for resins and fatty acids.

While 'I' prefer to combine ingredients which are capable of forming a transparent coating for concrete, brick, tile, plaster, stone and the like, I do not limit myself thereto, but may use ingredients which sensibly change the color of the coated object and may if desired make use of dyes or pigments suitable for the purpose.

What I claim is l. A composition for waterproofing con- .crcte comprising a solution of nitrocellulose andthe fatty acid of a drying oil.

2. A composition for waterproofing concrete comprising a solution of nitrocellucrete comprising a solution of nitrocellulose, tung oil acid, and a resinous body.

5. A composition for Waterproofing concrete comprising a solution of nitrocellulose, tung oil acid and sandarac resin.

6. A composition for waterproofing concrete comprising a solution of nitrocellulose, tung oil acid, oleic' acid and a resinous body.

7. A composition for waterproofing concrete comprising a solution of nitrocellulose, tung oil acid, oleic acid and sandarac resin,

8. A composition for Waterproofing concrete comprismg nitrocellulose, tung oil acid, oleic acid, sandarac resin and solvents 1 therefor.

9. A composition for Waterproofing concrete comprising nitrocellulose 8%, tung oil'acid 10%, oleic acid 10%, sandarac resin 10%,amyl acetate 7%, methyl alcohol 30%, acetone 7% and benzol 16%. Signed at Montclair in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey this 18th day of DecemberlA. D. 1911. v

WALTER CLEMENT BLADEN. VVitnesses':

MILToN E. LUZENBERG,

MARIA E. LUZENBERGQ, 

